广州市机动车尾气排放特征研究

Characteristics of Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission in Guangzhou

文章利用COPERT IV模型计算广州市机动车尾气排放因子,结合机动车保有量和构成,获得2008年广州市机动车尾气排放总量并对排放因子的速度敏感性,以及不同车型、不同排放标准、不同燃料类型机动车排放特征进行了分析。结果表明:2008年广州市机动车CO、NOX、VOC和PM的排放总量分别为138 772.42 t、80 868.69 t、24 907.26 t和3 171.97 t。摩托车和小客车是CO和VOC的主要贡献车型,贡献率总和分别达到78.31%和70.52%;而作为NOX和PM的主要贡献车型,大客车和重型货车的贡献率总和分别达到78.94%和83.72%。国0标准机动车排放水平高于其他排放标准的车型,CO和VOC的排放分担率接近于保有量比例的2倍。汽油车是CO和VOC的主要贡献车型,其排放贡献率超过80%;而PM排放主要以柴油车为主;柴油车的NOX排放总量高,接近于汽油车的2倍。

Motor vehicles＇ emission factors of Guangzhou were calculated using COPERT IV model,which integrated with information regarding the amounts and types of cars were used to produce the emission inventory of Guangzhou for the year of 2008.Sensitivity of comprehensive emission factors were analyzed with respect to vehicles＇ characteristics in terms of speed and fuels.Total exhaust emissions of CO,NOX,VOC and PM respectively,were thus obtained and different exhaust emissions contributions in terms of CO,NOx,VOC and PM of different kinds of vehicles were revealed too.It was concluded that gasoline vehicles have made major contribution of CO and VOC emissions;and diesel engine vehicles contributed much more in NOx and PM.