中国农村3～6岁儿童忽视量表的编制及常模的研究

Development of national neglect norms for children aged 3 to 6 years in rural areas of China

目的开发研制适合中国国情的农村3～6岁儿童忽视评价常模。方法按照多阶段分层整群抽样原则，于2010年11月从全国抽取10个省（直辖市）的84个乡镇，抽样调查3～6岁儿童。共获得常模样本3240名，男童占49．6％（1608／3240），汉族占93．3％（3023／3240）。采用自行设计的问卷进行调查，数据经过项目分析、因素分析、信度分析等统计学处理，删除不符合要求的题项，确定常模量表；通过信度检验和效度检验评价常模的稳定性和可靠性，并采用百分位数法确定量表的评价标准，完成常模的初步研制。结果经过统计处理分析删除不适宜的题项后，最终保留题项数为57个，共包含身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗和社会6个忽视层面。量表各题项的因素负荷量在0．359～0．789之间，达到了统计学相关要求；量表总的Cronbach α系数为0．904，总的劈半信度系数为0．820，6个忽视层面的Cronbaeh α系数介于0．620～0．815之间，6个忽视层面的劈半信度系数介于一0．034～0．789之间，量表的平行信度为0．785，重测信度为0．613；经结构效度、外部效度和内容效度检验，表明量表能够真实有效地反映被评价儿童的受忽视状况；量表判断受试儿童是否受忽视总的界值点为121分。结论本常模具有良好的鉴别力、信度和效度，符合我国国情，操作简便、易行。

Objective To develop the national neglect norms for rural children aged 3 to 6 years, which are suitable for Chinese situations. Methods According to the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling principle,84 towns of 10 provinces or municipalities were selected in China. Children aged 3 to 6 years were surveyed in November 2010, the sample of analysis were 3240 （of whom males were 49. 6% （1608/3240） and the Han nationality were 93.3% （3023/3240））. Questionnaire was designed by authors and deleted items that did not meet the requirements through several statistical analysis methods, such as item analysis method, factor analysis method, reliability analysis method. The reliability analysis and validity analysis were used to test the stability and reliability of the norm. The evaluation criteria of the scale was determined by the percentile method, then the initial development of the norm completed. Results After deleting inappropriate items by statistical processing,finally ,the scale consisted of 57 items, and included 6 neglected dimensions（ physical neglect, emotional neglect, educational neglect, safe neglect, medical neglect and social neglect）. Its item loadings ranged from 0. 359 to 0. 789, which met the statistical requirements. The scale＇s total Cronbach α coefficients 0. 904, the total split-half reliability coefficients were 0. 820, the 6 neglect dimensions＇ Cronbach α coefficients ranged from 0. 620 to 0. 815, the 6 neglect dimensions＇ split-half reliability coefficients ranged from - 0. 034 to 0. 789, the scale＇s parallel reliability were 0. 785 and it＇s re-test reliability were 0. 613. After construct validity, external validity and content validity testing, the result showed that this scale could effectively reflect the real neglected status of children investigated. The total neglect cut-off score of this scale were 121. Conclusion The scale has good stability and reliability. And it adapts Chinese conditions and it＇s convenient to operate.