中国城市3～17岁儿童青少年忽视状况

The status of child neglect for children aged 3 - 17 years in China

目的了解我国城市3～17岁儿童青少年的忽视状况。方法依据多阶段分层整群抽样原则，于2008年12月从全国14个省级单位的30个市中抽取8001名3～17岁儿童青少年进行调查，分别采用“中国城市3～6岁儿童忽视评价常模”、“中国城市6—17岁中、小学生忽视评价常模”中规定的量表和评价方法进行调查。采用SPSS13．0软件分析不同地区、年龄、性别、忽视层面（身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗、社会）的忽视率、忽视度等。结果中国城市3～6岁（其中6岁儿童为未入学者）、6～8岁（其中6岁儿童为已入学者）、9～11岁、12～14岁和15～17岁组儿童青少年忽视度分别为42．2±6．9、42．8±8．4、42．1±9．1、46．4±9．2和49．7±8．4（P〈0．05），忽视率分别为28．0％（326／1163）、28．8％（431／1496）、27．2％（543／1962）、22．4％（373／1664）和32．8％（563／1716）（P〈0．05）。各年龄组各忽视层面忽视程度不同，12～14岁组及15～17岁组受到的忽视度、忽视率较高[依次为46．4±9．2、49．1±8．4、22．4％（373／1664）、32．8％（563／1716）]。6个忽视层面均以15～17岁组受到的忽视度最高（身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗、社会层面分别为52．8±8．0、47．3±11．6、49．5±10．8、42．4±10．3、52．2±16．0、56．0±10．1）。西部地区儿童青少年忽视率和忽视度最高，中部次之，东部最低[忽视度依次为45．4±9．1、45．0±9．3、44．0±8．8（P〈0．05）；忽视率分别为30．7％（1340／4361）、25．0％（756／3024）、21．2％（131／616）（P〈0．05）]。独生子女忽视度、忽视率低于非独生子女[忽视度分别为44．2±9．0、47．4±9．1，P〈0．01；忽视率分别为26．1％（1572／6017）、33．0％（655／1984），P〈0．01]。城市6岁入学儿童忽视度（43．14-7．3）高于未入学儿童（40．74-7．8）（P〈0．01），忽视率[35．4％（60／169）]低于未入学儿童[21．3％（84／394）]（P〈0．01）。结论中国城市儿童青少年受到忽视的频度和强度均较严重，应当加以重视。

Objective To explore the status of child neglect among urban areas children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years in China. Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 8001 children and adolescents were recruited from 30 cities of 14 provinces in December 2008. The investigation was carried based on The 3 -6 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China and The 6 - 17 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China. SPSS 13.0 was employed for analyzing neglect rate and degree for group of areas, age, sex and neglect type （ including neglect of physical, emotional, educational, medical, safety and social）. Results The degrees of child neglect for urban children aged 3 - 6 （ children aged 6 were not in school） ,6- 8（ehildren aged 6 were school children） ,9 -11,12 -14 and 15 -17 were 42. 2 ±6. 9,42. 8 ± 8. 4,42. 1 ± 9. 1,46. 4 ± 9. 2 and 49. 7 ± 8.4 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, the neglect rates were 28.0% （326/1163 ） ,28. 8% （431/1496 ）, 27.2% （ 543/1962 ）, 22.4% （373/1664） and 32. 8% （ 563/1716 ） （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, respectively. There were differences in six neglect types for each group ; the neglect degrees and rates were high in the group aged 12 - 14 and 15 - 17 （46. 4 ±9.2 and 49.1 ± 8.4,22. 4% （373/1664） and 32. 8 % （ 563/1716）, respectively） ; for each neglect type, the neglect degree of children aged 15 - 17 were highest（52. 8 ±8.0,47.3 ± 11.6,49. 5 ± 10. 8,42.4 ± 10. 3,52.2 ± 16. 0,56. 0 ± 10. 1 ）. The degree and rate of neglect in West were highest, Middle was next, the East was lowest（ the neglect degrees were 45.4 ± 9. 1,45.0 ± 9. 3 and 44. 0 ± 8.8, P 〈 0. 05 ; the rates were 30. 7% （ 1340/4361 ） , 25.0% （ 756/3024 ） and 21.2 % （ 131/616 ）, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Degree and rate of child neglect for children without siblings were lower than children with siblings （ the neglect degrees were 44.2 ± 9.0 and 47.6 ± 9. 1, P 〈 0. 01 ; the rates were 26. 1% （1572/6017） and 33.0% （655/1984）, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Neglect degree of school children aged 6 years old （43. 1 ± 7.3 ） was higher than children not in school （ 40. 7 ± 7.8 ） （ P 〈 0. 01 ） , but neglect rate was lower （ the rates were 35.4 % （ 60/169 ） and 21.3 % （ 84/394 ） , P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Neglect degree and rate of urban children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years in China were both high, and neglect deserved more attentions.