2009-2010年浙江省三个地区居民膳食铅和镉暴露评估

Exposure assessment on dietary lead and cadmium of residents in three areas of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2010

目的评价浙江省3个地区居民膳食铅、镉暴露水平。方法按照中国总膳食研究方法和要求，于2009-2010年在浙江省内选择内陆城市点、内陆农村点和沿海城市点各1个，对常住居民进行膳食调查，获得了512名居民的每日消费食物种类和数量。根据膳食调查结果采集食物样品，对样品进行聚类、采集、烹调加工，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）测定样品的铅、镉含量，并进行膳食铅、镉的暴露量评价。结果浙江省3个地区居民膳食铅摄入量中位数（P50）为37．8μg/d，第97．5百分位数（P97.5）为72．3μg/d。不同年龄组的膳食铅摄入量只0为23．2—44．2μg/d，P975为34．2～88．1μg/d。每日膳食镉摄入量只。为9．6μg/d，P975为15．7μg/d。不同年龄组膳食镉摄人量只。为6．4～11．4μg/d，占暂定每月可耐受摄人量（PTMI，25μg/d）的15．6％～42．6％，P97.5，为10．5—21．4μg/d，占PTMI的27．5％～77．6％。膳食铅来源（每日提供铅摄入量P50）前3位的食物种类依次是蔬菜（11．3μg）、谷类（11．0μg）、肉类（9．8μg），其合计值占膳食铅（37．8μg/d）的84．9％；膳食镉（P50）来源前3位的食物种类依次是谷类（3．6Ixg）、蔬菜（2．1μg）和豆类（0．9μg），其合计值占膳食镉（9．6μg／d）的68．8％。结论浙江省3个地区居民膳食铅、镉摄人总体处于安全水平。

Objective To assess the safety of dietary lead and cadmium intake in 3 areas of Zhejiang province. Methods Using the total dietary study method, the study was conducted in 3 regions which represented coastal, city and rural areas in Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2010. The dietary survey was conducted on the residents（512 subjects） and the categories and volume of food consumption were obtained. The analytical food samples were obtained by food consumption survey, food aggregation, food sampling and preparation. The food samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The safety of dietary lead and cadmium intake was evaluated. Results The median dietary lead intake （P50） in Zhejiang province was 37. 8 μg/d. The 97. 5% dietary lead intake （1997.5） was 72. 3 μg/d. The P50 dietary lead intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 23.2 to 44. 2 μg/d. The P97.5 dietary lead intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 34. 2 to 88.1 μg/d. The Ps0 dietary cadmium intake in Zhejiang province was 9.6 μg/d. The P97.5 dietary cadmium intake was 15.7 μg/d. The P50 dietary cadmium intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 6.4 to 11.4 μg/d, accounting 15. 6% -42. 6% of PTMI （provisional tolerable monthly intake,25 μg/kg）. The P97.5 dietary cadmium intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 10. 5 to 21.4 μg/d, accounting 27.5% -77.6% of PTMI. Vegetable （11.3 μg） ,cereal （11.0 μg） and meat （9.8 μg） were the first three food sources which accounted for 84. 9% of dietary lead （Ps0：37.8 μg/d）. Cereal （3.6 μg） ,vegetable （2. 1 μg） and legume （0.9 μg） were the first three food sources which accounted for 68.8% of dietary cadmium （P50：9. 6 μg/d）. Conclusion Dietary lead and cadmium intakes of most residents in 3 areas of Zhejiang province as well as the average level are safe.