柚皮柠檬苦素的提取及其杀虫活性研究

Extraction and Insecticidal Activities of Limonin in Peel of Citrus maxima

为了探究柚皮中柠檬苦素的最佳提取工艺及其杀虫活性,采用正交试验对柚皮中柠檬苦素的提取工艺进行优化,利用得到的柠檬苦素对夹竹桃蚜虫、吹绵蚧和菜蝽喷雾进行杀虫试验。结果表明:超声波提取法、二氯甲烷和丙酮水浴提取法从10g柚皮中提取到的柠檬苦素分别是0.9700、1.5860、1.6000g;二氯甲烷水浴提取法对柚皮中的柠檬苦素提取率为6.08%。10mg/mL的柠檬苦素能将供试害虫全部杀死,0.625mg/mL的柠檬苦素依然有较高的杀虫活性。回流法提取柚子皮中的柠檬苦素时,最佳提取工艺是:二氯甲烷为提取溶剂,液料比为1:12,回流提取2次,每次2h,温度50℃;得到的柠檬苦素对3种供试害虫有较强的杀虫活性。

In order to explore best extraction process and insecticidal activities of limonin from Citrus maxima peel, the extraction technology of limonin from Citrus maxima peel was optimized through orthogonal test, and studied insecticidal activities of the limonin to Aphis nerii, Leerya purchasi and Eurydema gebleri. The results showed that： 0.9700 g, 1.5860 g and 1.6000 g limonin were obtained from 10 g through ultrasonic extraction, methylene chloride and acetone water bath extraction, extraction efficiency was 6.08% of limonin in Citrus maxima peel through methylene chloride water bath extraction. 10 mg/mL limonin would kill all the pests tested, 0.625＇mg/mL limonin still had higher insecticidal activity. The dichloromethane was best extractant for extracting limonin from Citrus maxima peel and the optimal extracting technological conditions were as follow： the ratio of solid to liquid at 1：12, refluxed for 2 times and 2 h each time, temperature of 50℃. There was strong insecticidal activity of limonin in Citrus maxima to 3 kinds of the insect pests tested.