摘要
作者从1984年以来在青岛和北戴河对曾被 Howe(1924)描述过的蜈蚣藻中空型和节荚型两种藻类进行定点观察,发现它们的形态构造和生殖器官的发育是相同的,后者实为前者的生长后期,它们的外形在前后所起的变化,是由于水温上升影响所致,两者应为同一藻体,因此,蜈蚣藻中空型与蜈蚣藻节荚型为同物异名,由于其藻体内部中空,故建议学名应为蜈蚣藻中空型Grateloupia fillicina f·porracea(Mert.)Howe.取消节荚型 f·lomentaria 的学名。
Grateloupia filicina f.porracea.and f.lomentaria are distributed in North China sea-coast.They are An economic seaweed used for food.They were reported by Howe fromChina in 1924.At that time.he took them as two forms of Gratelovpia filicina.We haveobservated on f.porracea and lomentaria natural ecology in 1984,which we began toset up six ecological environment observation stations at Qingdao and also two ecologicalstations at Beidaihe.We nave discovered in areas of six observation stations from early Mayto mid May and when the temperature of seawater rises to 5-7℃,the Plantlets of f·porracea begin to appear,they usually grow on rocks in high and middle litoral zones,theaverage length of their plantlets is 0.2-2cm,they are hollow,purple in colour without branchelts.(fig.la.b).The plantlets of f.porracea also appear consecutively in Beidai-he at the same time,the average length of their plantlets reaches 0.2—0.5cm(fig.2a,b).From May to mid June when the temperature of sea water in Qingdaoreaches 9-19℃ and in Beidaihe reaches18℃-25~C.the average length of plantlets in thesetwo areas reaches 6-19cm.they are irregularly branched.the main axes of the thalliare hollow and thread-like or compressed,its branchlets are either long or short,but theyare constrited at the base(fig.3a).At this time we began to mark these thalli with a redthread respectively,so that we might observe their growth and changes,totally we hadmarked over three thousand and five hundred(3500)thalli.At the two ecological stationsin Beidaihe we also had marked over five hundred(500)thalli with the same method.From early July to mid July,when the temperature of seawater in Qingdao rises to 19-25℃ and in Beidaihe reaches 20-29℃,the lower part of the main axes of the thalliwhich with a red thread respectively appears pod-like branchlets,they are either ovoid,ellipsoid,fusiform or much elongated,their end is sharp or rostracted.(the shape of theirbranchlets is identical to that of f.lomentaria).Thus the branchlets of f.porracea apparen-tly are divided into two parts.firstly the upper part of the branchlets is still eitherlong or short;secondly the lower part of the branchlets transforms into pod-like branchletsand become the transitional form f.porracea to f.lomentaria(fig.4,5,6).From theend of July to August,the temperature in Qingdao and Beidaihe rises above 29-32℃,thetransitional form of thallus mostly becomes the thallus of f.lomentaria Therefore it maybe confirmed that f.porracea and f.lmentaria are the same kind of thallus.They aresynonymous and the later is the transitional form of the former,this is becausethe transitional thallus gives birth to more pod-like branchlets when the water level rises,these branchlets have different shapes,ovoid,fusiform,ellipsoid or much elongated,obtuseor rostrate etc.But the growing density of the branchlets of their tetraspore plants(fig.8a,b)is larger than that of crystocarpic plants(fig.7a,b)We have also proved that thestructure of thallus and the development of the reproductive organs of f.porracea and f.lomentaria are the same,namely,their cortical layers are composed of about 7 to 14 la-yers of cells(fig.3b,7b,8b)and the primary filaments of the carpogonial branch ampu-llae always appear 6 to 8 spherical and ellipsoidal cells.The carpogonial branch has twocells,one is carpogone and the other.hypogonial cell(fig.9a-f)and the primary fila-ments of the auxiliay cell always appear 7 to 10 subspherical or ellipsoidal cells(fig.10a-d).So that the f.porracea and f.lomentaria are the same kind of thallus,becaus itsthallus is hollow,we suggest the name is Gratelovpia fillicina f.porracea(Mert.)Howeand to cancel f.lomentaria Howe.
