我国自然保护区生态补偿机制的构建方法与实施途径研究

Study on construction method and implementation approaches of ecological compensation mechanism for China’s nature reserves

基于国家主体功能区划的自然保护区被界定为禁止开发区域,必然要对其进行科学有效地实施生态补偿。本文阐明对我国自然保护区实施生态补偿的必要性,分析生态补偿机制的构建路径,探讨生态补偿标准的确定方法,对生态补偿的方式类型及自然保护区生态补偿机制的实施途径进行深入研究。

Nature reserve is defined as such a place where development is prohibited by the main function zoning of our country, it is necessary to implement ecological compensation scientifically and effectively. This paper illustrated the necessary of ecological compensation for China＇s nature reserves, analyzed the construction path of eco-compensation mechanism, researched the determination methods of eco-compensation standards, and investigated the implementation approaches of eco-compensation mechanism for nature reserves. The construction of the ecological compensation mechanism contains many elements, such as the compensation subject and object, the compensation standard and scale, and the compensation method and legal protection, etc. In the construction of ecological compensation mechanism, the determination of compensation standard is an important and difficult problem, which should becomputed on the ecological protector＇s direct investment and loss, opportunity cost, the cost of ecological damage restoration, the ecological benefit of the beneficiaries and the value of ecosystem services. The methods of determination include direct cost method, opportunity cost method, willingness survey method, market method and ecosystem service value method, etc. The keys in implementing the ecological compensation mechanism are the ways of ecological compensation, which mainly involve two basicways： the government way and market way. The government should play a leading role, and the central and provincial governments should increase the vertical transfer payments to ecological protection of key functional areas such as nature reserves. At the same time, market mechanism should be introduced actively as a beneficial complement for construction of ecological compensation mechanism.