关于有序填海的思路与方法

On thoughts and methods of orderly reclamation from sea

填海造陆在扩展土地和发展经济的同时也对海岸带环境造成了不利影响。将有序人类活动贯穿于整个填海造陆过程,通过科学合理的规划、组织和实施而进行有序填海,从而增加填海造陆的积极效应,限制其破坏性影响,是实现海岸带可持续发展的必由之路。整体性、矛盾论、动态平衡和因地制宜是有序填海的基本观点。要实现有序填海,首先必须在对填海造陆的效益和损失进行科学评价的基础上进行可行性论证,然后制定不同尺度的填海规划并确定填海造陆的适宜规模,最后利用一系列有效方法加以实施,包括:维护海岸带自然系统功能、完善监督管理制度、实行生态补偿与生态系统重建、加速改良填海区环境等。

Land reclamation from sea in coastal area brings adverse effects to the natural environment,although it expands land space and boosts the economic development.The only way to achieve sustainable development is integrating orderly human activities into the process of land reclamation through scientific planning,organizing,and implementation.By doing so,we can minimize negative effects.Comprehensiveness,contradiction,dynamic equilibrium and environment-concerned treatment are basic viewpoints of reclamation from sea in an orderly way.In order to realize it,we need first conduct cost/benefit analysis of land reclamation scientifically.On this basis,zoning must be carried out at different levels and the proper scale of reclamation need be calculated,and effective strategies are finally required,including maintaining functions of natural systems of coastal zone,strengthening the supervision and administration,implementing ecological compensation and ecosystem restoration,and accelerating land improvement in reclamation area.