中国高等教育的制度正义:在扩张与平等之间——新制度主义社会学的分析

Between Expansion and Equity:The Justice of Chinese Higher Education——An Analysis Sociological Neo-institutionalism

本文通过考察和研究建国以来中国高等教育的发展,剖析了高等教育的两大主题———增长与公平、政府调控与院校自主在不同历史阶段中的呈现。研究发现,高等教育的增长与公平之间不存在必然关系,高等教育公平的正义目标更多地取决于制度的设计与安排。市场体制也不必然带来高校组织的自主权,一个国家管制的垄断市场机制可能不仅会在系统内制造组织间的不平等,而且作为一种强大的外部制度环境,其制度因素的投放甚至会损害高校组织的自主权。

Applying Chinese higher education since 1949 as a case, the authors uncovered the two pairs of dominating factors, namely expansion and equity, government regulations and university autonomy that shaped the formation of Chinese higher education. The authors found that higher education expansion does not necessarily lead to equity. Neither would market system doom to bring about university autonomy. A state monopoly market might produce institutional inequity within a system as a redistributive system does, and may result in negative effects on university autonomy.