学院传统与牛桥导师制

On the Collegiate Tradition and the Oxbridge Tutorial System

牛桥导师制兴起于19世纪后半叶,是牛津和剑桥这两所学院制大学顺应时代变革,加强本科教育的结果。学院传统是牛桥导师制诞生的制度条件,自由教育是牛桥导师制教学的核心理念,师生间定期进行的小规模的甚至是一对一的面对面学术交流是牛桥导师制的经典模式。但随着科学的强劲发展,这种教学本位、自由教育的传统正遭受科学研究和专业教育的巨大冲击,学院传统日渐衰微,导师制的内涵和形式发生了重大变化。当前,在主流的集权化大学建制格局下,尽管导师制无法成为高等教育中的主导型教学模式,但它对于现代大学本科教育走出困局,努力达成专业教育和自由教育的融通、知性教育与德性教育的平衡仍然具有重要的启示意义。

The Oxbridge Tutorial System arose in the latter half of the 19th century, which was the result of conforming to the trend of the times and emphasizing undergraduate education within both Oxford and Cambridge, two collegiate universities. The collegiate tradition is the institution premise of the rise of the Oxbridge Tutorial System. Liberal education is the core idea of the Oxbridge Tutorial System＇s teaching philosophy. A regular small scale or even one to one and face to face academic communication between teachers and students is the classical form of the Oxbridge Tutorial System. But with the strong development of science, this teaching-based tradition and the tradition of liberal education are suffering from the huge impact of the tradition of scientific research and professional education. The collegiate tradition is declining, and the content and form of the academic tradition have undergone major changes. Currently, under the mainstream centralized university pattern, although the Tutorial System cannot be the dominate teaching model of the higher education, it is of significance for the modern college undergraduate education getting out of the predicament, and striving to achieve the interaction of the professional education and liberal education, and the balance between intellectual education and virtue education.