高校校规:大学自治与国家监督间的张力

University Regulation: Between University Autonomy and State Oversight

在我国不断出现的高校与学生纠纷中,高校校规的规定经常成为争议的焦点。本文集中讨论了高校校规的法律性质和效力,认为我国现有法律法规中有关高校权利的规定是确认而不是创设了高校的校规制定权。高校校规在本质上属于大学的自治性规范,但是出于对学生公民权的保护,高校校规也需要接受国家的监督。基于我国现有法律并结合典型案例,我国目前对高校校规进行监督主要有三种制度途径:备案制度、申诉或者复议程序、诉讼程序。文章进一步提出,国家在对高校校规进行监督的过程中需要处理好三对关系:合法性监督与合目的性监督;对学术性事务的监督与对行政性事务的监督;实体性监督与程序性监督。

In the recent rise of university-student disputes, the legality of student management regulation formulated by universities often becomes a central issue. This paper explores the legal status and validity of university regulation. In nature, university regulation is self-governing rules. Universities ＇ authority of making rules is reaffirmed by state law. At the same time, however, the exercise of university authority has to be balanced against students＇ rights, where state oversight has a role to play. Drawing upon relevant legal provisions and legal cases in China, the paper identifies three possible approaches of state oversight： regulation documentation requirement, student grievance or administrative review, and litigation. The paper further proposes that the state should stick to three principles in its o- versight： legality standards rather than reasonableness standards, review of administrative matters instead of academic matters, and procedural review rather than substantive review.