洛阳出土商、西周、春秋青铜簋综述

A Survey of the Luoyang Unearthed Bronze Gui of the Shang,Western Zhou Dynasties and the Spring and Autumn Period

青铜簋是青铜器中的一个重要器类,各个时期,各个阶段青铜簋的种类、特征及发展变化规律明显:商代青铜簋的形制分无耳圈足簋和有耳青铜簋,耳为兽首。西周青铜簋的形制有圈足簋和方座簋而以圈足簋为主。春秋中期簋的形制为敛口、唇外折、盖下有垂柱,还出现了三足簋;晚期青铜簋为方座簋、敞口、腹有深浅,座有高低,分有耳和无耳。

As an important kind of bronze wares, bronze Gui had its clear and distinctive features in the development of its kinds, traits in the different stages of different historical periods. The shape of bronze Gui in Shang Dynasty was the one either without ring-handle sitting on the round pedestal or with ear-handle molded in the shape of animal heads. As to the bronze Gui of the Western Zhou Dynasty, they were characterized with round pedestal or square pedestal, and the former one was the major. Up to the mid Spring and Autumn Period, the shapes changed to these kinds： some having bulging belly, but shrinking mouth, some having evaginable mouth curled up, some having a drooping column down under the cover. There even appeared three-leg Gui. Toward the latter half of the period, the bronze Gui were usually shaped in square pedestal with outward mouth. The protruding central part of Gui and the pedestals are varied in height, and having or having no handles is also the different variation.