把脉员工行为背后的原因:工作归因风格问卷的开发——基于不同产权主体的研究

To Grasp the Reasons behind Employee's Behavior:The Development of the Work Attributional Style Questionnaire in Chinese Background

工作归因风格作为重要的认知方式,对于员工的心理与行为有重要的影响。但是,国内至今没有一套工作归因风格问卷问世。本研究开发中国背景下的工作归因风格问卷。通过访谈、开放式问卷以及参考相关文献,形成工作归因风格问卷的初始条目。经过预测和探索性因素分析,对问卷进一步修改,得到正式问卷。问卷分为:积极和消极两个分问卷,每个分问卷包括5个场景,问题涵盖"内外性"、"稳定性"、"普遍性"三个维度,一共包括30个条目。对正式问卷进行探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析等统计分析,结果显示,问卷结构清晰,信效度检验均符合测量学标准。最后,本文探讨了工作归因风格问卷对管理实践的影响和应用,以及研究存在的局限。

Attribution theory has been the important topic in the psychology field. With the development of attribution theory, researchers began to expand on the study of attribution theory to research on organization and management field. But the Chinese researchers didn＇t pay enough attention to the field of occupational attribution style. There is no a questionnaire of Chinese occupational attributional style. At the same time, exciting work attributional style questionnaires developed in western context, contain some drawbacks, such as low reliability, unstable constructs and so on. Based on this, the present study tries to develop ＂Chinese Work Attributional Style Questionnaire＂ （CWASQ） and examine its reliability and validity. The present study developed the Occupation Attributional Style Questionnaire in Chinese context. Through in-terviews, open questionnaires and the relevant literatures, the researcher formed the first draft of the questionnaire.Through exploratory factor analysis, the first one was revised in some aspects. The results of the formal questionnaire＇ s exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were satisfactory, while the reliability and validi-ty were good. The final questionnaire includes two sub -questionnaires： positive scenarios and negative scenarios; each type of scenarios is composed by five specific events; each event encompasses three questions corresponding to three dimensions： internality, stability and globality. To sum up, the questionnaire consists of a total of 30 questions. The contributions of the study include two main points： for one thing, ＂Chinese Work Attributional Style Questionnaire＂ （CWASQ） is the first work attributional style questionnaire developed in Chinese context; for an-other, CWASQ has several improvements compare to the western work attributional style questionnaires, not only in reliability and validity, but also in the questionnaire form. Particularly, these enhancements that are developed ac-cording to faults of existing work attributional style questionnaires are dwelled on as below. First of all, in term of constructs, the previous studies didn＇ t reach a consensus on how many and what the dimensions are. Different researches adopted various dimensions, whereas the construct stabilities were not satisfactory on the basis of the resuits of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. This study, in line with learned helplessness theory, used internality, stability and globality to develop questionnaire, while the results of exploratory factor anal- ysis and confirmatory factor analysis appeared to be better than other ones. In addition, the form of questionnaire was also improved, because the old form is too difficulty and complicated for Chinese people, especially misleading the subjects to confuse the events with real questions, when considering these items. Furthermore, the scenarios were selected well compare to other work attributional style questionnaires, in contract, the old questionnaires have some problems such as a lack of representative, only including negative events and so on. Besides to the theoretical contribution, this study also has some implications for management practices that include recruitment, training and performance evaluation. Obviously, the study also have some limitation： on one hand, the reliability and validity need to be tested by further studies, especially its reliability of the dimension of internality on positive scenarios. One the other hand, most participants were from eastern area such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shandong and lack of samples from western areas in China.