中国电信产业监管绩效实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Regulatory Effectiveness in China's Telecommunication Industry

系统化与科学化的政策评估是提升政府监管效能的重要前提及关键。本文利用最小二乘法对1990～2010年中国电信监管绩效进行了实证检验。计量结果表明,随着电信监管对象的改变,放松监管、引入竞争是中国电信改革的基本方向。中国电信产业市场结构调整应在有效的监管治理机制和明确的监管制度框架之下实施,电信产业监管改革的首要任务是明确监管架构,建立独立的监管机构以及建立有效的监管治理机制,而不是简单地进行电信重组。

As the infrastructure industry, the telecommunication industry has strong relevance with the other industries, and even the entire national economy, however, its unique economic, technical features make it becomes the industry which under the governmental regulation in the long period. As to the regulation, systematic and scien- tific policy evaluation is an important prerequisite and the key to enhance the effectiveness of government regulation. In the meanwhile, the evaluation practice of the affect of regulation in western countries has been proved to be one of the effective tools to promote the regulation performance. China is establishing and improving socialist market economic system, which is lack of the practice of market regulation and experience, and has not yet formed a deter- mined concept of regulatory impact analysis, and is lack of a unified, standard understanding about the target, content and methods of regulatory impact analysis, and has not formed a scientific regulatory impact analysis system as a whole. With the rapid development of telecommunication technology and the global economic integration, especially after China carried out the important decisions in telecommunications industry, such as breaking the monopo-ly, introducing competition and separating government functions from enterprise management, it is necessary to make an objective measurement and evaluation on the market effects of the previous China＇ s telecommunications regulation, so as to explore the future of China＇ s telecommunications industry regulatory policy direction combined with China＇s national conditions, to improve the regulatory level and achieve effective management. Based on the summary of the previous studies and the analysis of the practical problems of China, this paper established the regulation performance evaluation framework of China＇s telecommunication industry. Meanwhile, combined the reference of the regulation effective research, the author measured the China＇s telecommunication regulatory performanee with the econometric model. After calculation the total factor productivity of the telecommunication industry in 1990-- 2010, this paper set six regulatory variables： regulatory institutes, legal framework, priee regulation, market access, intereonneetion and universal service. Based on the least square method, With data set over the period 1990--2010, this paper takes a positive test on the regulatory effectiveness in China＇ s telecommunication, and the results consistently show that ： （ 1 ） Statistic is significant ; （2） all the weight of the various regulatory variables are positive, which means the telecommunication regulatory policies played a active role in improving the productivity of the telecommunication industry. Specifically, compared with the price regulation, market access, intereonneetion and universal service, the weight of the regulatory institutes and legal framework is relatively low, this illustrated this two fields need to be the focal point of the governmental policy input; （3） Technological advances effectively promoted the increase of the total factor productivity. In regard to the policy recommendation, with the object of the telecommunications regulatory changes, deregulation, competition is the basic direction of China＇s telecommunications reform. At present China＇s telecommunica- tion industry restructuring on the market should be implemented in effective monitoring mechanisms and a clear governance framework of the regulatory regime, the primary task of telecommunications regulatory reform is a clear regulatory framework, the establishment of independent regulatory institutions and establish an effective regulatory governance mechanisms, rather than simply to telecommunications restructuring.