粮票制度在河南的确立及其强化(一九五四--一九六六)

Establishment and Strengthening of the Food Coupon System in Henan Province,1954—1966

本文以1954年至1966年河南省各种粮票的发行与管理为中心,对粮票制度在地方的制度化与强化过程进行了考察。粮票制度在河南的形成大致经历了草创时期、初步形成时期和定形时期三个阶段,到1957年7月已基本确立。1957年至1966年,随着一系列新举措的出台,使粮票制度得到了进一步的强化。在此期间,粮票的职能也由最初的粮食供应凭证,扩大为具备有价证券的职能。

Focused on the issuance and management of various sorts of food coupons in Henan Province in the period from 1954 to 1966, this paper makes an investigation of how the food coupon system became institutionalized and strengthened in the localities. In Henan this system went roughly through the three stages （inception, taking a foothold and taking shape） and got established by July 1957. In the period from 1957 to 1966, with the exception of the period of ＂Great Leap Forward,＂ along with the introduction of a series of new measures, the food coupon system was steadily strengthened. Furthermore, the food coupons had greater functions ： they served only as a certificate of grain supply at the beginning but gradually they were also used as negotiable securities.