模拟高原水下爆炸特征参数的实验研究

Experimental Research on Underwater Explosion Parameters in the Simulated Plateau Condition

高原地区进行的水下爆破工程,因水体表面气压随海拔的升高而线性降低,其装药爆炸后的特征参数是否发生变化,对爆破施工有重要意义;采用密闭的高压爆炸容器,模拟高原气压条件,对雷管水下爆炸参数进行了实验研究,研究结果表明:在海拔0～4 500m范围内随着气压降低,冲击波峰值压力大小与气压无关,冲击波衰减时间却有一定增长,导致比冲击波能微小增大;气泡脉动周期按二阶多项式规律显著增大,但由于气压随海拔升高而变小,装药深度处的总静水压力随之降低,使比气泡能微量减小,而爆炸总能量基本不变。

The air pressure of water surface decreases linearly with the altitude increasing for underwater explosion engineering in plateau area, it has very important significance on the blasting construction whether underwater explosion parameters change or not after the charge explosion. It has researched the parameters after the detonator explosion by simulating plateau condition in the closed and high pressure explosive vessel in this paper. The results show that the peak pressure shock wave have no relation with the air pressure when the air pressure decreases gradually in the range of 0--4500m, but the attenuated time of shock wave rises in a certain degree, which causes the specific shock wave energy increasing slight- ly and the period of bubble pulsation increasing significantly by the rule of second order polynomial, but the air pressure decreases with the increase of altitude, the total of hydrostatic pressure of the charge spot reduces, which makes specific bubble energy have a little decreased~ but the total energy keeps invariant basically.