基于3S的湿地景观格局动态变化研究——以银川平原为例

Study of Wetlands Landscape Pattern Dynamic Changes Based on 3S——Taking Yinchuan Plain as a Case

文章应用1991年的TM图像和2006年的ETM图像,将研究区湿地类型分为自然湿地(包括河流湿地、湖泊湿地、灌丛湿地)和人工湿地(包括水塘、输水渠、水产池塘),提取研究区两个时期的湿地景观,并应用斑块数量、斑块面积、破碎度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数和分维数指数分析了研究区的湿地景观变化情况。结果表明:从1991年到2006年,银川平原的湿地斑块数量和面积减小幅度很大,在研究时段内银川平原自然湿地的面积均大于人工湿地,但是自然湿地占有比例下降,人工湿地比例上升。从景观格局来看,1991年到2006年间,银川平原湿地景观的破碎度和优势度指数降低,多样性指数和分维数指数略有增加。

Based on the TM images of 1991 and ETM images of 2006,the wetlands types of study area was classified into nature wetland and artificial wetland,and the wetland landscapes of two periods was picked.The landcape pattern was analyzed based on the plot area and number,fragmentation index,diversity index,dominance index,and fractal dimension index.The result indicated that from 1991 to 2006,the plot area and number of the wetland decreased severely.The area of nature wetland was greater than artificial wetland,but the proportion of nature wetland was decreased and that of artificial wetland was increased.For the landscape pattern,the fragmentation and the dominance index were decreased,while the diversity and the fractal dimension were increased a little.