太湖东部的湖田生态(15-20世纪)

The Ecology of Lake-farmlands Along East Tai-lake(15-20th century)

明清时期形成于太湖地区东部的湖田,其稻作生态以水环境为中心。由于水环境丰富,存在着一系列的水生条件下的稻作与植物多样性。为了防水灾,人们种植了早稻,再生稻与双季稻也有一套相应的丰水环境下的栽培技术。由于水草和水生植物在产生和物种上的丰富多样,稻作施肥与积肥环境非常好,这些都有利于农业提高复种指数,种植双季稻。清代人口增加,栽桑养蚕兴起,与稻作相结合,形成了桑基稻田的农业生态系统。这些生态系统的特色,都使湖田地区的稻作生态与太湖东部的其它地区显出不同,这种不同对明清时期江南有特殊的意义。

In the farmland formed in lake -farmlands along east Tai -lake in Ming and Qing dynasties, there is a water environment as the center of the rice ecology. Since water is rich, there is a series of aquatic condition of rice and plant diversity, Early rice planting is to prevent flood, as for the regenerating rice and the intercropping of early and later rice, there is also a corresponding cultivation techniques that is having an relationship with the abundant water environment. Because grasses and aquatic plants is rich in variety and production, the environment of fertilizer and manure in rice cultivating is very good, these are good for the planting early and later rice in one year and increasing cropping index. In the Qing dynasty, the population increased, mulberry planting and sericulture is rising, combined with the rice, the SanJi rice field ecological system of agriculture is beginning to build up. These characteristics of ecosystem, made rice ecology in lake -farmlands is very different to other part of east Tai - lake area in Ming and Qing dynasties. This difference has a special meaning to Jiangnan area in Ming and Qing dynasties.