医教结合:特殊教育中似热实冷话题之冷思考

On a Calm Reflection on the Seemingly Hot Issue of the Combination of Medicine and Education

本文从西方特殊教育范式变迁以及特殊教育学科发展规律的角度对"医教结合"这一当今中国特殊教育流行话语及实践方式进行了批判性分析。作者认为:西方特殊教育的发展是从医学单一学科范式的治疗与干预发展到以医学为主加入其他学科成分,进而逐步走向以教育为主融合其他学科成分的过程。特殊教育学科是一门多学科相互交叉、渗透的综合性学科,是教育模式下对医学以及其他相关学科的有机包容。因此,对于"医教结合"的说法,我们要真正放入多学科交叉、融合的框架里进行具体分析。不能用单一的"医教结合"剥夺了特殊教育"多学科交叉"的特性;更不能因为"多学科交叉"的特性冲淡了其"教育"的本质而本末倒置。

This article, based on the paradiglnatic changes in Western special education, and the law of disciplinary development of special education, makes a critical analysis of the ＂combination of medicine and education,＂ a currently hot issue in terms of China＇s special education, and the practice of the combination. According to the authors, Western special education developed from a medical model to a medicine-dominated model, which added other disciplines, and then to an education-oriented modal, which integrated theories of other related disciplines. Special education, a cross-discipline and comprehensive subject, is an organic integration of medicine and other relevant subjects under the model of education. Therefore, the article suggests making a specific analysis of the term＂ combination of medicine and education＂under a multi-disciplinary framework. The ＂combination of medicine and education＂ cannot be used to deny the multi-disciplinary nature of special education, which, conversely, cannot dilute the essence of education.