流动儿童亲子沟通特点及其与心理健康的关系

The Characteristics of Migrant Children's Communication with Their Parents and Its Relationship with Migrant Children's Mental Health

为探讨流动儿童亲子沟通的特点及其与心理健康的关系,采用亲子沟通问卷、主观幸福感自我评定量表、自尊问卷和问题行为问卷对北京市1016名流动儿童和446名城市户籍儿童施测。结果发现,与城市儿童相比,流动儿童亲子沟通的频率、时间和主动性较低。在亲子沟通各维度上,城市儿童得分都显著高于流动儿童。在流动儿童与父母沟通的倾听反应维度上,女生得分高于男生。在父子沟通的开放表达、分歧冲突解决和理解性维度和母子沟通的开放表达和倾听反应维度上,存在显著的年级差异,初二年级得分最低。流动儿童亲子沟通的开放表达、理解性和分歧冲突解决维度可正向预测主观幸福感,亲子沟通的四个维度都可正向预测自尊,开放表达和理解性负向预测内化问题行为,理解性、倾听反应和分歧冲突解决负向预测外化问题行为。由此可以得出如下结论,流动儿童与父母的沟通频率低,时间短,主动性不强,沟通质量较低。亲子沟通各维度可显著预测流动儿童的心理健康水平。

This study aims to probe into the characteristics of migrant children＇s communication with their parents, and its relationship with migrant children＇s mental health, by surveying 1016 migrant children and 446 urban children in Beijing with the Parent-Child Communication Questionnaire, the Subjective Well-Being Scale, Rosenberg＇s Self-Esteem Scale, and Children＇s Problem Behavior Questionnaire. The results show the following： Compared with the urban children, the migrant children show low frequency, less time and less initiative in parent-child communication. In the dimensions of parent-child communication, the urban children score higher than the migrant children. In terms of the migrant children＇ s conununieation with their parents, the girls score higher than the boys when listening. When communicating with their fathers, the students in different grades show a significant difference in open expression, conflict resolving, and understanding, and when communicating with their mothers, they show a significant difference in open expression and listening, with those second-year junior high schools students achieving the lowest scores. In their communication with their parents, the migrant children＇s open expression, understanding and conflict resolving can be used to positively predict their subjective well-being; the four dimensions of parent-child communication can be used to positively predict the children＇s self-esteem; open expression and understanding can be used to negatively predict their internalized problem behavior; understanding, listening and conflict resolving can be used to negatively predict their externalized problem behavior. The article draws the conclusion that migrant children show a low-quality communication with their parents by low frequency, less time and less initiative, and that the dimensions of parent-child communication can be used to significantly predict migrant children＇s mental health.