花生油生物精炼法去除黄曲霉毒素的研究

Removal of aflatoxin B1 in peanut oil by bio-refining

目前已经筛选出能够固态发酵花生粕降解其中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的微生物菌株,因此可以利用发酵液提取粗酶来降解花生油中的AFB1,并将这种酶反应引入到花生油的精炼工艺中。通过对比精炼工艺,将酶法脱胶(采用磷脂酶A1)与去毒反应相结合。对脱胶去毒过程中反应温度、NaOH添加量、去毒粗酶添加量、磷脂酶A1添加量、反应时间等进行单因素实验,并通过正交实验确定脱胶去毒实验优化工艺条件为:反应温度40℃,反应时间4 h,NaOH添加量0.025%,磷脂酶A1添加量600 mg/kg。以添加AFB1为100μg/kg的花生毛油为实验对象,取样10 g,在去毒粗酶添加量100μL及优化条件下,AFB1去除率高达81%,去毒反应后花生油的脱胶效果也达到精炼要求(磷含量降至13 mg/kg)。

A bacterial strain,which could degrade AFB1 in peanut meal by solid -state fermentation, had been screened. The crude enzyme could be extracted from the fermentation liquid produced by the bacterial strain to remove AFB1 in peanut oil. Through compared with conditions of each refining process, the combination of enzyme - detoxification and enzyme - degumming was found to be the best. Five factors of the combination process, such as reaction temperature, NaOH dosage, dosage of detoxification enzymes, dosage of phospholipase A1, reaction time were studied. The optimum conditions were determined as follows： temperature 40 ℃, NaOH dosage 0.025% , phospholipase A1 dosage 600 mg/kg, reaction time 4 h. Under the optimum conditions, the detoxification rate reached 81% for the stuff of crude peanut oil with initial AFB1 content 100 μg/kg, and the phospholipid content in the detoxified peanut oil could meet the national standard （phosphorus content ≤ 13 mg/kg）.