氮肥调控对白浆土水稻产量效益及氮肥利用效率的影响

Effect of Different Applied Nitrogen Methods on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Utilized Efficiency in Albic Soil

在黑龙江省白浆土高中低肥力区设置水稻氮肥用量、施用次数及比例的田间小区试验,研究不同施氮方式对白浆土水稻产量效益及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥对水稻生长发育具有显著的影响。与氮肥一次性基施相比,采用适宜的氮肥用量与施肥方式水稻平均增产8.9%,增收1356元hm-2,增加农学效率5.1 kg kg-1。从水稻产量、效益及氮肥偏生产力和农学效率等方面综合考虑,白浆土水稻高产高效的氮肥施用方式是:在满足磷钾肥的基础上,中低肥力区氮肥用量应控制在130～165 kg hm-2,高肥力区氮肥用量应不超过130 kg hm-2,氮肥施用方式为40%N基肥+40%N分蘖肥+20%N穗肥三次施用。

Rice yield and nitrogen utilized efficiency of Albic soil were studied by setting up different plot experiments about applied nitrogen amount, time and proportion at different fertility areas in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer had a significant impact on rice growth and development. Compared to one-time applied nitrogen fertilizer, rice yield was increased by 8.9%, income by 1356 yuan hm-2, agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen （AEN） by 5.1 kg grain per kg nitrogen by using the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilization and applied nitrogen method. Considering rice production, profit, partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen （PFPN） and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen （AEN） aspects into account, soil applied nitrogen fertilizer methods that could make rice high-yield and efficiency in Albic soil are as follows： When the amount of phosphorus and potassium were enough, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should he controlled at 130 - 165 kg hm-2 in low fertility areas, and not exceed 130 kg hm-2 in high fertility zone fertilizer, applying forty percent nitrogen fertilizer of total amount before transplant rice seedlings, forty percent during tillering-period, twenty percent fertilization for head sprouting.