畜禽固废沼肥中重金属来源及其生物有效性研究进展

A Review on the Resource and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Biogas Fertilizer from the Manure of Livestock

畜禽养殖业的规模化快速发展给环境带来大量的畜禽固废,通过沼气工程,不仅可以得到沼气这一能源,其发酵产物-沼肥还可以作为有机肥施用于农田,这一模式,被我国众多的规模畜禽养殖场采用。然而,由于畜禽粪便中重金属含量的不断增加,沼渣、沼液中的重金属含量及其施入土壤中的生物有效性逐渐受到人们的关注。本文将从畜禽固废沼渣、沼液中重金属的主要来源、含量、生物有效性及其可能的风险等方面进行论述,以期为深入研究沼肥的使用安全提供借鉴,并为合理利用沼肥,采取相关措施降低生态危险提供依据。

The rapid developme nt of large-scale live stock brings large amounts of manure to the environment. Through the methane project, not only the methane gas energy can be acquired, but also the product of digestion - biogas can be used as organic fertilizer for farmland. Lots of large-scale live stocks in our country take this model. However, with the increasing of the concentration of heavy metals in manure, the heavy metals in biogas fertilizer and their bioavailability have been paid more and more attention. In this paper, the source, concentration, bioavailability and possible risks of heavy metals were reviewed, so as to provide advice for further study on safe use of biogas fertilizer, and provide the basis for reasonable use of biogas fertilizer and taking measures to reduce the ecological risk.