稳定性同位素探针技术在土壤功能微生物原位鉴定的应用

Application of Stable Isotope Probing on In-situ Identification of Soil Functional Microorganism

新近发展起来的稳定性同位素探针技术(SIP)与分子生物学方法结合,能够定向发掘复杂环境中参与特定生态过程的微生物资源,是土壤功能微生物原位鉴定的有效手段,具有广阔的应用前景。其原理是环境样品中的功能微生物代谢同化同位素标记的底物,通过对其生物标志物(即DNA、RNA、PLFA等)进行提取、分离、鉴定和比对分析,以此获取介导土壤物质转化和循环过程的功能微生物的直接信息。本文在分别介绍SIP技术在土壤功能微生物原位鉴定过程中的各种前处理方法、生物标志物选择及后续鉴定方法的基础上,综述了SIP技术在研究驱动土壤有机污染物生物降解、碳氮循环等过程的功能微生物原位鉴定的应用进展,展望了SIP技术在土壤微生物基因组学方面的应用前景。

Utilization of stable isotope probing（SIP） coupled with molecular biology method,can explore microorganisms source responsible for specific process in natural environment,and has a broad application prospects for soil functional microorganism in situ identification.The principle of the SIP technique is as follows.Functional microorganisms in soil samples,that metabolize the SIP-labeled substrates and assimilate SIP-labeled biomarkers,e.g.,DNA,RNA and PLFA,can be identified by extraction,separation and analysis of these SIP-labeled biomarkers,and then information of soil functional microorganisms responsible for transformation and cyclic process of substrate in soil can be obtained directly as a result.With introduction of pre-treatment technology,SIP-labeled biomarker selection,and subsequent microorganisms＇ identification method,this study illustrates the research progress of SIP technique in in-situ identification of functional microorganisms involving in the soil organic pollutants degradation,carbon and nitrogen cycle.It will provide a comprehensive reference for the application and exploration of SIP-based in-situ identification of soil microbial genomics in future.