青木川自然保护区大熊猫生境评价

Habitat assessment of giant panda in Qingmuchuan Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province of Northwest China

在实地调查和收集资料的基础上,对陕西省青木川自然保护区大熊猫生境选择的特点进行研究;利用层次分析法以及ArcMap、ArcView等地理信息系统辅助软件,从地理环境因素、生物群落因素、主食竹因素和干扰因素4方面对大熊猫栖息地的核心区和缓冲区进行质量评价.结果表明:研究区适宜大熊猫生存的生境面积比例为62.1%;次适宜生境面积占31.0%;不适宜生境面积占6.9%.大熊猫适宜生境主要分布在研究区西部和北部海拔较高的地带,不适宜生境主要受植被类型、竹子因素、干扰因素等影响.为减少大熊猫不适宜生境,需要保护区管理者进一步完善管理机制,控制人类活动,特别是海拔900～1600m范围内的放牧、割竹和砍柴活动.

Based on field survey and data collection, this paper studied the characteristics of habitat selection of giant panda （Ailuropoda melanoleuca） in Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve, and assessed the core and buffer zones of habitats from the aspects of topography, vegetation, food, and human disturbance, with the assistance of hierarchy analysis and Geographic Information System software （ArcMap and ArcView）. In the study area, the suitable and secondary suitable habitats for Ailuropoda melanoleuca covered 62.1% and 31.0%, respectively, and the unsuitable habitats covered 6.9%. The suitable habitats were mainly distributed in the west and north parts with high altitudes, while the unsuitable habitats were mainly affected by vegetation coverage, bamboo distribution, and human disturbance. To reduce the unsuitable habitats, management mechanism should be further improved, e.g., controlling human disturbances, especially the grazing, bamboo-cutting, and firewood collection in the regions with altitude 900-1600 m.