中国城乡孕产妇孕前保健服务的利用及影响因素分析

Analysis on Maternal Pre-pregnancy Care's Utilization and Its Influence Factors of China

目的了解我国城乡孕产妇孕前保健状况,探讨城乡孕产妇孕前保健服务利用的影响因素。方法采取多阶段随机抽样的方法,对产后42d到产后半年产妇的一般情况和保健服务利用情况进行问卷调查,单因素分析采用检验法,多因素分析采用两分类的Logistic回归分析方法。结果城市及农村孕产妇孕前保健服务利用率分别为67.9%、49.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城市孕产妇孕前保健主要影响因素是年龄、职业、文化程度、配偶身体状况、本人及其家人对产前保健重视程度;农村孕产妇的影响因素是年龄、民族、文化程度、配偶文化程度、有无异常生育史以及本人对产前保健重视程度。结论我国孕产妇孕前保健服务利用率低,城乡孕产妇孕前保健利用状况和影响因素差异较大。建议针对各种影响因素,采取相应措施,以提高孕产妇孕前保健服务利用的整体水平。

OBJECTIVE To know the status of maternal pre-pregnancy care in urban and rural areas, and explore the influence factors. METHODS Take multistage random sampling method, to investigate the general situation and maternal health services utilization of 42 days to half a year＇ s postpartum women by questionnaire. One-way analysis used Chisquare test. Multi-way analysis used two categories of Logistic Regression. RESULTS The percentage of pre-pregnant care utilization was 67.9% in urban areas, 49.7% in rural areas, difference had statistics significance（P〈0.01）. The main influence factors of the urban areas maternal pre-pregnancy care were age, occupation, education, spouse＇ s physical condition, herself and her family＇s emphasis. Rural areas were age, nation, education, spouse education, any abnormal reproductive history, her emphasis. CONCLUSION China＇s maternal had low rate on pre- pregnant care utilization, differences of pre-pregnancy care status and impact factors between urban and rural were significant. So this study suggested taking appropriate measures for the influence factors, enhancing the overall level of maternal pre-pregnancy care utilization.