2006—2010年桂林市麻疹流行病学特征分析

The Analysis of the Feature in Measles Epidemiology of Guilin City from 2006 to 2010

目的通过对桂林市2006—2010年麻疹发病情况进行流行病学分析,掌握全市麻疹流行病学特征和发病规律,为制订消除麻疹策略提供科学的依据。方法运用SPSS17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。采用描述流行病学的方法对法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统资料进行分析。结果桂林市2006—2010年共报告麻疹516例,年平均发病率为2.08/10万,城区发病率高于县。常住人口发病率为1.40/10万,流动人口发病率为8.24/10万,2个发病率之间有非常显著性差异(χ2=500.83,P<0.01)。男女发病之比为1︰0.67。≥15岁人群、1～14岁人群和<1岁幼儿发病率分别为31.20%、28.68%和40.12%。发病具有明显的季节性,4月为发病高峰。对516例麻疹病人的免疫史进行分析,有免疫史、无免疫史和免疫史不详者分别占12.98%、53.88%和33.14%。结论随着国家扩大免疫规划的实施,麻疹疫苗(MV)基础接种率不断提高,麻疹的发病率逐年下降,根据实际情况提高流动人口MV接种率,加强高危人群的强化免疫,扩大加强免疫的年龄段,建立健全麻疹监测系统是控制和消除麻疹最为积极有效的手段。

OBJECTIVE In order to provide scientific basis within the process while drawing up a strategy to eliminate measles, it is required that we analyze the epidemiology through the disease rate of measles in Guilin during the years of 2006 to 2010 and know the features of epidemiology and the frequency of the outbreaks in the whole city. METHOD Apply the SPSS 17.0 software to provide the data for statistical analysis, and adopt the methodology of descriptive epidemiology to analyze the legal infectious disease report system and the material of measles observation system. RESULTS It is reported that there were 516 measles outbreak cases in Gui Lin during 2006 to 2010, the average morbidity annually is 2.08 out of 100 000, the urban morbidity is higher than that in county. The morbidity of resident populations is 1.40 out of 100 000, which is 8.24 out of 100 000 among transient population.The 2 morbidities have distinct difference（x^2=500.83,P〈0.01）. The morbidity between females and males is a rate of 1 to 0.67, which is greater than or equal to 15- year-old people and 1-14-year-old people, and less than the morbidity of 1-year-old infant which are 31.20%, 28.68%. 40.12%）. The morbidity has a obvious seasonal nature. The peak of the morbidity is in April. In terms of the analysis to the past immunity of the 516 measles patients, who have the vaccine history, who have no vaccine history, or who have unknowing vaccine history are separately taken over 12.98%. 53.88% and 33.14%. CONCLUSION With the implementation of enlarging the immune program in China, the progression of the MV basic rate of vaccination, and the decreasing morbidity of measles each year, based on these people should increase the rate of measles vaccination based on the status quo, strengthening immunity of high-risk groups, enlarging the age bracket of strengthened immunity, and realizing that the positive and the effective access to control and remove of measles is to establish and refine the measles observation system.