教育券理论对我国义务教育均衡发展的启示

On the Enlightenment of American Education Voucher Theory to Balanced Development of the Compulsory Education in China

美国经济学家米尔顿.弗里德曼首次提出了教育券理论。其后詹克斯对教育券理论进行了完善,他主张教育券应帮助低收入家庭学生克服困难、完成学业。而1990年的"密尔沃基家长择校计划"则是美国民众将教育券理论运用到教育实际的率先实践。美国教育券理论研究的成果和实践经验,可为我国义务教育的均衡发展提供借鉴。深入挖掘教育券理论的价值,探讨我国流动儿童进入城市公立学校、享有平等义务教育权的可行性,以及用教育券资助西部地区、贫困农村寄宿制中小学学生生活费的操作策略,对促进我国义务教育的均衡发展具有重大的现实意义。

Milton Friedman proposed the idea of school voucher firstly. Then Jencks developed it. He believes school voucher should help children from poor family to finish education. ＂The MilwaukeeParental Choice Program＂ in 1990 is the first school voucher scheme which is developed in America. This thesis dig the results and experience of American education voucher for the value of equality in education, with a view to the balanced development of compulsory education in China. This research demonstrates the prac- ticality of school voucher theory, which is mainly to help the migrating children go to the city council schools as well as the right of choosing compulsory education; furthermore, the research also discussed the strategies of school vouchers subsidizing students in the western region and in poor rural primary and secondary boarding schools, which is of practical significance to promote the balanced development of compulsory education in China.