硫化物光催化剂的形貌控制及光催化性能的研究进展

Research advance in shape-controlled synthesis of sulfide-based photocatalysts for water splitting and pollution cleaning

无机纳米材料的结构、维度、形貌、尺寸等因素对它们的功能性能有着直接影响。CdS、ZnS以及其复合纳米材料在光、电、磁、催化和力学等方面有着特殊的性能,这与晶体形态和形貌紧密相关,因此制备可控粒度、形状、取向的CdS等硫化物半导体纳米材料,研究其结构、形貌对光催化性能的影响,对新型高效光催化材料的研究与开发具有重要的意义。本文重点介绍了近几年硫化物形貌和粒径的控制的研究进展以及此类光催化剂在光催化分解水制氢和降解有机染料等方面的应用。

The functional performance of the inorganic nano-materials was impacted by many factors,such as the crystal structure,dimensions,morphology,particle size,etc.CdS,ZnS,and their composites have special properties in optical,electrical,magnetic,catalytic,and mechanical aspects,which are closely related to their crystalline forms and morphologies.Preparation of sulfide-based semiconductor nanomaterials with controlled particle size,shape,crystallite orientation,and study on the effect of structure and morphology on photocatalytic properties are of great significance in the development of new highly efficient photocatalytic materials.The recent results of the shape-controlled synthesis of the sulfide-based photocatalysts are summarize for water splitting and organic dye degradation in this paper.The morphology of sulfide-based photocatalysts includes nanowires,nanorods,spherical,leaf shape,flower and etc.Synthesis methods of the sulfide-based catalysts can be divided into the following categories：template method,hydrothermal,solvothermal,precipitation,sol-gel method,etc.The methods for controlling the particle morphology mainly include：①control of the crystal nucleation and growth,②control of the reaction conditions,③template aggregation and④ application of surfactants.The effect of the catalyst morphology on the photocatalytic activity of the sulfide-based photocatalysts was discussed.Current problems and future perspectives for the shape-controlled synthesis of sulfide-based photocatalysts were also indicated in the paper.