清朝陕甘总督群体研究

Study on Group of Proconsuls of Shaanxi and Gansu Province in the Qing Dynasty

清朝陕甘总督辖区几经分合,名称变化频仍,驻地多次迁移。乾隆二十五年其名称、驻地最终固定下来,一直至清朝灭亡为止。自顺治二年到宣统三年陕甘总督共112人。以陕甘总督的任职背景和仕途履历为视点,解析陕甘总督的身份种类、民族构成、籍贯分布、任职经历及其离职原因,可以窥视出清廷的用人之道,折射出清廷和陕甘总督辖区特殊的关系,进而勾勒出这一群体在整个总督群体中的特殊性。

In the early Qing Dynasty, the jurisdiction and title of the Proconsul of Shaanxi and Gansu Province had been changed frequently and the station of the Proconsul had not been fixed. Late in the 25th Year of Qianlong （AD 1760）, the title and station were finally determined and then used till the collapse of the Qing Dynasty. There were all together 112 Proconsuls of Shaanxi and Gansu Province in the period from the 2nd Year of Shunzhi （AD 1645） to the 3rd Year of Xuantong （AD 1911）. Based on the historical facts of background of appointment and political experience of Proconsuls of Shaanxi and Gansu Province, through the analysis of their social origins, nationalities, native places, political experience and reasons for resignation, the employing standard of the Qing Dynasty could be understood and the special relationship between the Court and the jurisdiction of the Proconsul of Shaanxi and Gansu Province could also be reflected. Furthermore, the special status of the group in the whole circle of proconsuls of the Qing Dynasty could be clearly expressed.