不同发育障碍儿童家庭的依恋特点

Attachment characteristics of the family with different developmentally disabled children

【目的】探索不同发育障碍儿童家庭的依恋特点。【方法】采用一般家庭情况问卷及亲密关系经历量表(ECR,中文版)分别对69例孤独症患儿(孤独症组)、18例Asperger综合征患儿(Asperger综合征组)、51例精神发育迟滞患儿(精神发育迟滞组)及69名正常儿童(正常对照组)的父亲和母亲进行问卷调查,分析不同发育障碍儿童家庭的父亲和母亲的依恋特点。【结果】组间父亲依恋回避、母亲依恋焦虑和母亲回避维度差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);父亲依恋焦虑维度差异有统计学意义(F=5.432,P<0.01)。两两比较发现,父亲依恋焦虑维度评分孤独症及精神发育迟滞组明显高于正常对照组及Asperger综合征组(P<0.05～0.01);正常对照组与Asperger综合征组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】不同发育障碍患儿家庭中,母亲依恋特征与正常儿童的母亲相同,但孤独症及精神发育迟滞患儿的父亲依恋焦虑维度增高,可能会影响其抚育患儿的方式。

【Objective】 To explore the attachment characteristics of the family with different developmentally disabled children.【Methods】 The parents of different developmentally disabled children including autistic（69 cases）,Asperger syndrome（18 cases）,mental retardation（51 cases） and normal children（69 cases） received questionnaire survey with Family generally condition questionnaire and Close Relationships Inventory（ECR,Chinese version）.The attachment characteristics of father and mother in each group were analyzed.【Results】 Among the four groups,the difference of dimensions in father＇s attachment avoid,mother＇s attachment avoid,and mother＇s attachment anxiety were no significant difference（all P〈0.05）,but the difference of dimensions in father＇s attachment anxiety had statistical significance（F=5.432,P〈0.01）.Comparison between each two groups showed that the scores of dimensions in father＇s attachment anxiety in autistic group and mental retardation group were significant higher than Asperger syndrome group and normal controls group（P〈0.05~0.01）,and which between the normal controls group and Asperger syndrome group had no statistical significance（P〈0.05）.【Conclusion】 In the familys of different developmentally disabled children,the mother＇s attachment characteristics is same like normal children＇s mother.But the dimension of attachment anxiety in autistic and mental retardation children＇s father are higher,which will be affect the way of how to tending the children with developmental disorders.