健康信念和应对方式对2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为的影响

Influence of Health Belief and Coping Style on Self-management Behavior in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

目的研究健康信念、应对方式对2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为的影响,探讨改善患者自我管理行为的有效途径。方法采用2型糖尿病自我管理行为问卷、糖尿病健康信念问卷和医学应对问卷,对145例2型糖尿病患者进行调查。以患者自我管理行为的各维度得分为应变量,健康信念和应对方式的各维度得分为自变量进行多元线性逐步回归分析,筛选出有统计学意义的影响因素。结果本组2型糖尿病患者的自我管理行为处于中等水平,其中遵嘱用药维度得分最高,血糖监测维度得分最低,分别为(89.40±11.13)分和(56.07±14.17)分;患者的健康信念、应对方式对自我管理行为各维度均有影响(β=0.138～0.781,P<0.05),其中维护机体健康的动机、对糖尿病的危害性的认知和面对方式是患者自我管理行为的重要影响因素。结论 2型糖尿病患者的健康信念、应对方式对自我管理行为有不同程度的影响,良好的健康信念,积极的应对方式有利于提高2型糖尿病患者的自我管理行为。

Objective To study the influence of health belief and coping style on self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to explore an effective way to improve patients＇ self-management behaviors. Methods A Total of 145 patients with type 2 diabetes were surveyed with a baseline data questionnaire, Diabetes Self-Care Scale（DSCS）, Diabetes Health Belief Scale and Medical Coping Mode Questionnaire （MCMQ）. Multivariate linear stepwise regression was conducted to screen the influencing factors of self-management behaviors. Results Self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus maintained at a medium level. Of the total, the highest score （89.40±11.13） and lowest score （56.07±14.17） were found in the dimension of taking medication and blood glucose monitoring respectively. Linear regression analys＇s showed that the score of self-management behaviors was correlated with health belief and coping style（β=0.138-0.781, P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the motivation to maintain health, awareness of the hazards of diabetes and the confrontation mode affected self-management behaviors greatly. Conclusion Health belief and coping style have certain impact on self-management behaviors. Consequently, good health belief and positive coping methods will contribute to the improvement of self-management behaviors among type 2 diabetes.