基于M/G/c/c模型的地铁车站楼梯通道疏散能力瓶颈分析

M/G/c/c-based Model of Passenger Evacuation Capacity of Stairs and Corridors in Metro Stations

乘客疏散能力及服务水平是地铁车站设计与站内客流组织的重要组成部分,也是保证安全运营的重要影响因素。M/G/c/c网络排队模型适用于各种空间内行人运动过程分析及相应指标的计算。本文在乘客运动特性分析基础上,结合车站空间结构特征,构建基于M/G/c/c的地铁车站楼梯与通道乘客疏散能力瓶颈分析模型。以北京地铁2号线与4号线的西直门换乘站为例开展研究,计算分析该站在乘客到达率发生变化时楼梯、通道的疏散能力瓶颈点,验证模型的有效性与实用性。

Evacuation capacity and level of service for passengers within metro stations have played more and more crucial role during station design and passenger organization. They also are important issues to ensure the security of metro operations. The M/G/c/c model is well employed to analyze the procedure of passenger movement and calculate the key parameters during the movement within different spaces in metro stations. The M/G/c/c-based capacity model for passenger evacuation is proposed in consideration of space facilities in metro stations through analysis of passenger movements. Case studies of the Xizhimen Station in Beijing are implemented to verify the validity and practicability of the proposed methods through evaluation of evacuation bottleneck of stairs and corridors when the arrival ratios of passengers vary.