西方当代遗产理论综述

SUMMARY COMMENTS ON THE WESTERN CONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF HERITAGE

以历史研究为基础的,以"亚历山大范式"为模式的传统博物馆和档案馆的遗产形式,正面临着记忆研究方法的新挑战。"记忆研究"这种新的遗产研究方法旨在提出对传统遗产模式的反思,强调基于普通民众的集体记忆和个体记忆,重视对非强势群体的人道主义关怀,从而构建一种反强权的遗产学理论体系和世界观。英国伦敦大学学院(UCL)考古学院贝弗利·巴特勒博士的《遗产与当下的过去》一文,总结了文化遗产研究领域的主要指导理论和思想,从不同的研究角度回顾了从遗产学兴起以来的发展道路,并表达了相应的批判性意见。该文可为当下中国的文化遗产发展事业提供西方视角的理论解释和参考。

Based on the historical approach, by following the 'Alexandria Paradigm', traditional museums and archives, as the typical heritage forms, are faced with the challenge from the memorial approach. The memorial approach, as the alternative way to study heritage, aims at criticizing the conventional heritage forms. It focuses on common people’ s collective and individual memory and respects vulnerable people’ s wellbeing. Hence, it becomes a new strength to reconstruct the heritage theories and outlooks. Dr. Beverley Butler, the doctorial instructor of Culture Heritage Studies at Institute of Archaeology of University College London, in his article, Heritage and the Present Past, mainly focuses on the evolution and main theories of heritage studies from the west point of view. From the historical and memorial approaches, the main purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical explanation and reference for the contemporary cultural heritage development in China.