加拿大土著同化教育的兴衰——以布鲁奎尔斯印第安寄宿制学校为例

VICISSITUDES OF CANADIAN ABORIGINAL EDUCATION FOR ASSIMILATION — Taking The Indian Residential School in Blue Quills as an Example

历史上,开办寄宿制学校是加拿大政府对土著人实施同化教育的途径之一。布鲁奎尔斯印第安寄宿制学校的历史变迁为了解加拿大土著教育的发展历程提供了一个窗口。透过寄宿制学校的生活状况及联邦政府对土著教育采取同化、隔离、融合与自主的政策变化历程可以一睹加拿大土著寄宿制学校的兴衰。其衰落标志着教会与政府联合实施的同化教育的失败。随后,土著人重新掌控教育权,土著教育与西方教育相结合的模式既使土著年青一代适应了现代社会的需求,也确保了土著民族的价值观、认同感、语言及传统文化得以保留与传承。

The residential schools were a policy of the federal government for aboriginal education that was implemented for the assimilation of aboriginal people into Canadian society. The historical changes of the Indian Residential School in Blue Quills provide a window for people to understand the development history of aboriginal education in Canada. This article describes the living condition at The Indian Residential School in Blue Quills as an example of the residential school experience. Meanwhile, through the changing course, during which the federal government took the policy of assimilation, segregation, blending and autonomy, we can see the vicissitudes of aboriginal residential schools in Canada. The closing of the residential schools indicated that assimilation through education by church and government had failed. Today aboriginal people have gained control over their education by operating community day schools. The educational model combine western way with aboriginal perspectives so that aboriginal people are able to better adapt to the modern world while ensuring the transmission of their own values, identity, language, and tradition.