纳米粒子毛细管电泳/微流控芯片新技术及其在手性分离中的应用

New technique for nanoparticle capillary electrophoresis/microfluidic chip and its uses in enantioselective separation

纳米粒子因其具有较大的比表面积和良好的生物相容性等特点,已广泛应用于分离科学领域。纳米粒子毛细管电泳/微流控芯片技术是纳米材料技术与毛细管电泳/微流控芯片技术相结合的产物。纳米粒子可以被吸附或键合到毛细管壁作为固定相与被分析物发生相互作用;也可以作为假固定相参与样品在柱内的分配和保留,从而提高柱效,改善分离。手性是自然界的本质属性之一,开发新的快速、高效、灵敏的手性分离分析方法对于对映体的立体选择性合成、药理研究、手性纯度检测和环境检测都具有重要的意义。本文主要综述了近些年来几种不同类型纳米粒子(聚合物纳米粒子、磁性纳米粒子、金纳米粒子、碳纳米管和其他类型纳米粒子)用于毛细管电泳/微流控芯片进行手性分离的现状,并对该领域今后的发展进行了展望。

Nanoparticles have been widely used in separation science due to their large specific surface area and good biocompatibility. Nanoparticle capillary electrophoresis （CE）/microfluidic chip （MC） technique is the hybrid of nanomaterial and the CE/MC technique. By being adsorbed or bonded onto the inner surface of the capillary, the nanoparticles can interact with the analytes as stationary phase. As a kind of separation medium, the nanoparticles can also participate in the separation process acting as a pseudostationary phase （PSP） to improve the separation efficiency and selectivity. Chirality is one of the intrinsic characters of the nature. It is important to develop the novel, fast, highly efficient and sensitive chiral separation technique in many research areas, such as stereoselective synthesis of enantiomers, pharmacology, chiral compounds purity check and environment monitoring. Herein, the recent applications of differ- ent types of nanoparticles such as polymer nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in enantioseparation by CE/MC are reviewed, and the future developments in this area are also prospected.