急性心肌梗死患者医院获得性肺炎危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia in patients with acute myocardial infarction

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者发生医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的危险因素及防治措施。方法回顾性调查分析328例急性心肌梗死住院患者,应用logistic回归模型,分析吸烟、介入治疗、泵功能、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、糖尿病、心肌梗死类型、性别、年龄、住院时间等因素对HAP的影响。结果急性心肌梗死患者医院获得性肺炎感染率为11.6%,住院时间为急性心肌梗死患者,发生HAP的主要危险因素,其OR值为10.192;而其余因素均与HAP无显著相关。结论住院时间为急性心肌梗死患者发生HAP的主要危险因素;临床上宜采取综合措施,以预防为主、缩短住院时间、合理应用抗菌药物。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia（HAP） in patients with acute myocardial infarction and the preventive measures.METHODS A total of 328 patients with acute myocardial infarction were retrospectively investigated and analyzed.The variables potentially related to HAP,such as cigarette smoking,interventional therapy,pumping function,COPD,diabetes,types of myocardial infarction,gender,age,and the length of stay,were analyzed by logistic regression model.RESULTS The incidence of HAP in patients with acute myocardial infarction was 11.6%.The length of stay was the main risk factor for HAP in patients with acute myocardial infarction with an OR value of 10.192;the rest of the factors were not significantly associated with the onset of HAP.CONCLUSION The length of stay is the main risk factor for HAP in patients with acute myocardial infarction;therefore,comprehensive measures should be taken,especially preventive measures such as reducing the length of stay and use antibiotics reasonably.