摘要
近20年是我国国家级自然保护区发展史上的最重要时期,但在保护事业取得巨大成就的同时,自然保护与社区社会经济发展的矛盾凸显出来。处理好这对矛盾首要条件是对自然保护区社会经济要有深入了解。基于以上目的,对江西鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区社区进行了深入的社会调查,包括个别访问与问卷调查,涉及新建县南矶乡总户数1 590户,这些居民全部生活在保护区试验区。本调查的覆盖率达到全部农户的45%,扣除外迁农户后覆盖率高达69.3%。调查结果表明:(1)南矶乡保持着典型的湖区社会经济特征,其对湖泊自然资源依赖性极强;(2)保护区内渔业资源较为丰富,但区内渔产量因湖池不同而不同,因此,从承包湖池的渔获量来看,拥有较优的湖池的农户收入颇丰;(3)近几年,小龙虾产量猛增,市场价格攀升,成为当地农户的主要经济来源,因此,其捕获量与市场价格的波动将直接影响居民的收入与社会稳定。认为:(1)该保护区的主要保护对象是赣江—河口湿地生态系统,在不破坏其基本特征的情况下,适度捕捞,特别是对外来种小龙虾的捕捞,与自然保护不发生根本冲突;(2)由于当地农户收入颇丰,无外出动力,如何有效管理和利用湖泊渔业资源,是解决保护区与社区共同发展的唯一途径;(3)从长远来看,在各级政府支持下管理局应当建立一种机制,从根本上解决这一冲突并把社区农户作为保护的生力军。
It is the most important period for construction of national nature reserves in China during the past 20 years. However, the contradictions of natural protection and development of community economy are highlighted; we must probe social economy of nature reserve and then deal with this contradiction. Based on the above objectives, several socioeconomic investigations are carried out around Nanji Wetland National Reserve, including individual interview and questionnaire survey. There are 1593 households in Nanji Township, all in the reserve. In this survey, the coverage is 45% of total households, which is 69.3% after deducting the population moving-out. Survey results showed that: (1) a typical socio-economic character in lake area is maintained in Nanji Township and Nanji Township is dependence on the natural resources strongly. (2) Reserve is abundant in fisheries resources, but fish production varies from lake to lake. Therefore, according to catch of pool, the fishermen who own optimum pool earn more. (3) In recent years, crawfish has become the main source of the local residents, because of the high production and market price of crawfish. Therefore, the fluctuations of capture and market price of crawfish will influence directly inhabitant's income and social stability. This study suggests that, (1) the main protection object of this reserve is the Gan river-wetland ecosystem. Without destroying the basic feature, moderate fishing, especially for exotic species-crawfish, will not conflict with natural protection fundamentally. (2) The residents will not want to go out, as the high income. How to manage effectively and utilize the fishery resources is the only way to solve the protection and community development. (3) In the long run, a mechanism should be established in support of governments at all levels, which can solve the conflict fimdamentally. The community can also be a main force for protection.
出处
《生态经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第2期29-35,共7页
Ecological Economy
基金
世界自然基金会(WWF)
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2010CB950602)
关键词
鄱阳湖
湿地
自然保护区
社区
社会经济调查
Poyang Lake
wetland
nature reserve
community
socio-economic survey
policy recommendations