重庆市行人道路交通伤害分析

Analysis of pedestrian road traffic crashes and injuries in Chongqing

目的分析重庆市部分地区道路交通事故致行人伤亡特点。方法从“道路交通事故数据库”调取2000—2006年重庆市1个主城区、1个近郊区、1个农村地区行人伤害交通事故数据，分析行人事故严重度、行为与位置及其损伤等情况。结果7年间3个支队辖区发生道路交通事故致行人损伤7934人，占所有受伤人员的24．74％，行人死亡867人，占所有死亡人员的49．46％。农村地区行人事故烈度明显强于主城区和近邻区。57．91％的行人伤亡发生在行人横穿马路，15．43％的行人伤亡发生人行横道线上。行人伤亡主要集中在主干路、3级公路和次干路上，但1级公路、2级公路和等外公路事故烈度最强，分别为3．17，4．31和5．42。重伤中行人损伤比例达52．46％，高于轻中度损伤。行人损伤以头部伤最多见，重度损伤中胸部伤也是常见类型之一。结论在重庆市交通事故死亡人员中，行人占到一半，在农村地区更为突出；其事故原因以行人违章穿行车行道为主；值得重视的是处于人行横道的伤亡行人比例较高，提示在交通安全与生命价值的教育、管理与执法等方面还需有针对性加强。行人严重交通事故伤害以头部和胸部损伤为主，救治中需特别重视。

Objective To analyze traffic accidents involving pedestrians in Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 so as to understand injury characteristics of the pedestrians. Methods The data of pedestrian road traffic crashes and injuries in three districts including one district in downtown, one in suburb and one in county of Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 were collected from ＂road traffic crash and road traffic injury data- base＂ to analyze severity of crashes, casualties, action and location of pedestrians in crashes. Results The road crashes led to 7 934 pedestrian injuries （24, 74% ） and 867 pedestrian deaths （49.46%）. Inten- sity of the pedestrian road crashes in rural areas was higher than that in downtowns and suburbs. Of all pe- destrian casualties, 57.91% were due to illegally crossing the driveway, and 15.43% of the casualties were on the crosswalk. Most of the casualties occurred on the main roads, the third class highways and second main roads in Chongqing. But serious crashes occurred on the first and second class highways and substand- ard highways, which led to average 3.17, 4.13 and 5.42 deaths, respectively. Pedestrians accounting for 52.46% of the total severe injuries were more than the proportion among the minor to moderate injuries. Head injuries were the most common for the pedestrians and chest injuries were also usual among the severe injuries. Conclusions The intensity of pedestrian road crashes is higher than that of other crashes, espe- cially in rural areas. It should be noticed that the main injuries of the pedestrians are head injuries, which is mainly resulted from illegally crossing driveway. It is worth noticing that a rather high proportion of pe- destrians are impaired on the crosswalks, indicating that we should pay more attention to protect right of the pedestrians on the crosswalks during transportation law enforcement and safety education in the future.