改装体检直升机和歼(强)击机飞行员鼻窦资料的比较分析

Comparative analysis on data of nasal sinus between helicopter and(strike) fighter pilots under physical examination for change to new-type aircraft

目的:比较飞行合格的直升机和歼(强)击机飞行员的鼻窦疾病状况,为新联勤体制下航卫保障提供依据。方法:分析改装体检飞行员鼻窦CT资料138份,其中直升机飞行员46份,歼(强)击机飞行员92份,统计慢性鼻窦炎和鼻窦囊肿的发生率。结果:①直升机飞行员慢性鼻窦炎14例(上颌窦炎6例,筛窦炎4例,上颌窦炎伴筛窦炎4例),占30.4%(14/46),其中3例上颌窦积液需要治疗;歼(强)击机飞行员慢性鼻窦炎12例(上颌窦炎8例,筛窦炎1例,上颌窦炎伴筛窦炎3例),占13.0%(12/92),其中1例上颌窦积液需要治疗,两者慢性鼻窦炎的发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.07,P<0.05)。②直升机飞行员上颌窦黏膜下囊肿4例(均为单侧),占8.7%(4/46);歼(强)击机飞行员上颌窦黏膜下囊肿10例(单侧8例,双侧2例),占10.87%(10/92),两者鼻窦囊肿的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义,均无需治疗。结论:飞行人员无症状的慢性鼻窦炎和鼻窦囊肿有较高的发生率,可能与气压变化有关,但大多数无需处理。直升机飞行员与歼(强)击机飞行员相比,慢性鼻窦炎的发生率较高,可能与非封闭座舱和多机组人员的环境有关。

To comparatively analyze the disease data of nasal sinus between helicopter and （strike） fighter pilots under flying qualification, and then to provide references for aeromedical support as a significant part of new logistics service union in army, Method：The CT data of nasal sinus in138 pilots who accepted physical ex- amination for change to new-type aircraft, were collected included 46 cases of helicopter pilots and 92 cases of （strike） fighter pilots）. The incidence of chronic sinusitis and cyst of nasal sinus were computed respectively in hel- icopter pilots and （strike）fighter pilots. Result： ①Forteen cases suffered from chronic sinusitis （6 cases of maxil- lary sinusitis, 4 cases of ethmoiditis and 4 cases of maxillary sinusitis and ethmoiditis） in helicopter pilots whose incidence rate of chronic sinusitis was 30.4 %（4/46）. OL which, 3 cases of antracele were treated. Twelve cases suffered from chronic sinusitis （8 cases of maxillary sinusitis, 1 case of ethmoiditis, 3 cases of maxillary sinusitis and ethmoiditis） in （strike）fighter pilots whose incidence of chronic sinusitis was 13.0% （12/92）. Of which, 1 case of antracele was treated. The incidence of chronic sinusitis was higher in helicopter pilots than （strike）fight- ers pilots（x2 ~ 6.07, P^O. 05）. （~）Four cases suffered from unilateral mucosa cysts in maxillary sinus in helicopter pilots whose incidence of cyst of nasal sinus was 8.7% （4/46）. Ten cases suffered from mucosa cysts in maxillary sinus（unilateral 8 cases and bilateral 2 cases）in （strike）fighters pilots whose incidence of cyst of nasal sinus was 10.87% （10/92）. The difference of tl^e incidence of cyst of nasal sinus was not statistically significant between the helicopter pilots and（strike）fighters pilots. The cysts of nasal sinus did not need treatment in 14 cases of this group data. Conclusion：The incidence of symptomless chronic sinusitis and cyst of nasal sinus are high in pilots. It is related with repeatedly changes of atmosphere pressure during flying. But most chronic sinusitis and cyst of na- sal sinus do not need treatment. The incidence of chronic sinusitis is higher in helicopter pilots than（strike）fighter pilots. It may be related with the environment of helicopter which have unclosed cockpit and load other aircrew.