试论维特根斯坦语言哲学的转向

Wittgenstein's Language Philosophy Steering

维特根斯坦是西方哲学史上一位非常独特的哲学家,他的独特之处在于他终其一生创造出了前后两种看似迥然不同甚至是相互对立的语言哲学理论。前期图像论认为表达世界的语言是一种实在的图像,这种图像的实质是人的思想对世界的反映。而后期语言游戏说否定了语言、世界、图像的一一对应的关系,认为语言是一种游戏,其意义在于使用。维特根斯坦语言学转向实质上是非本质主义的转向,其根本原因在于其前期图像论存在缺陷。尽管如此,前后期语言哲学实际上仍然有着千丝万缕的联系。

Wittgenstein is a very special philosopher in the history of western philosophy. His former and latter theories are very different. The image theory claims that language, which expresses the world, is an image and the nature of the image is the reflection of thinking while in the game theory he one to one correspondence relation is rejected instead language is taken as a game whose meaning is shown when it is being used. Wittgenstein＇ s change is not the alternation in nature. There is still internal relation between the two theories.