运动与脑的可塑性研究进展及其教育启示

Progress in Physical Activity and Brain Plasticity and Its Educational Implications

脑的可塑性是指大脑结构和功能随着内外环境变化而不断修饰和重组的能力,它是一种终身的能力。近年来一些研究发现运动可影响大脑的可塑性,运动和脑的可塑性的关系日益受到关注,已成为多学科领域研究前沿和热点问题。本文对二者间关系的研究进展进行了综述,研究表明:运动可以通过系统水平、细胞水平、分子水平等途径影响脑的可塑性;运动对不同人生阶段脑的可塑性均存在积极效益。这些研究成果提示:理解运动与大脑的可塑性研究成果,重视运动的积极作用;提供丰富且适宜的运动干预(教育)方案,提高方案的效果;注重"联合效应",促进大脑的整合式发展。

Brain plasticity refers to the brains＇ ability to shape its structure and functions under the action of outside environment and experience. In recent years, some studies found physical activity can affect brain plasticity, the relationship between physical activity and brain plasticity has been more attended, and become the focus in many subjects. The present article focuses on the research progress between physical activity and brain plasticity. Research indicated, the effect of physical activity on brain plasticity can be observed at three different levels： brain system, cell and molecular level. From the dimension of time, the effect is existing among childhood, adult- hood and old age. These findings prompted that understanding of physical activity and brain plasticity research to pay attention to the positive role of physical activity; providing rich and appropriate sport intervention （education） programs to improve the effectiveness of the program; Fo- cusing on ＂combined effects＂ to promote the integrated development of the brain.