武侠小说表意形式“否定”中的前行及后果——从格雷马斯符号方阵看武侠小说的文体演进

The Constant Negativity in the Ideographic Styles of Swordsman Fictions and its Negative Effects——Studying the Style Evolution of Swordsman Fictions from the Perspective of Greimas Square

武侠小说的文体演进,以"江湖"符号表意的"否定"前行为内驱力,呈现出格雷马斯符号方阵式的全否定格局。从"剑仙"江湖、"英雄"江湖、"人"的江湖到亦正亦邪的侠客江湖,20世纪武侠小说"江湖"表意方式依次否定与渐趋圆熟。但在此后,武侠"江湖"作为幻想性表意符号已彻底跌落"现实",这与武侠小说在20世纪中国的首要任务——以"前现代"的情景幻象否定在现实中无力参与的现代化大潮——明显相悖。武侠必须在"江湖"新的符号表意形式的生成中,完成其"幻想性"的重塑。

The driving force behind the style evolution of swordsman fiction is constant negativity of the sign ex- pressed by swordsman world, which shows a scheme of multiple negations as described by Greimas Square. Changing from a world of super-sword masters, to a world of heroes, to a world of ordinary people, and to that of rightness-and-evil swordsmen, the ideographic form of swordsman world in 20th century swordsman fictions takes constant negativity and gradually becomes skillful. But right after that, chivalry world, as the fantastical ideo- graphic symbol, moves far from reality and goes evidently against the primary task of swordsman fiction in 20th century China, i, e. , to negate the wave of modernization that cannot be participated in real life with pre-modern illusions. Therefore, swordsman has to produce new form of ideographic symbols in its swordsman world to re- build its fantasy.