翻译中不同语言习得背景译者的词汇组织功能——一项基于文科与工科学生译文语料的选词差异研究

The Lexical-organizing Functions of Translators with Different Backgrounds of Language Acquisition in Translation——Based on Lexical Differences in Students' Translation Corpus of English and Non-English Majors

为比较翻译中不同语言习得背景译者的词汇组织功能异同,研究选择英语专业大学二年级的本科生两个班60人,非英语专业大学二年级的本科生两个班60人,要求学生在相同的时间内完成相同任务的课堂定时翻译。其后,将学生译文转化成电子文档进行语料分析。研究表明,在高频词的重复使用方面,文科学生更加得心应手。但是,工科学生在某些富含生活体验和认知经验的词语方面的表达较文科学生更为贴切。就基于语言独特性的语料分析和统计来看,工科生的翻译创造性并不比文科生低,反而稍高,这说明翻译过程中语言习得背景的影响不是绝对的因素,除了语言能力,带有认知体验的翻译能力高低也是影响翻译结果的一个方面。

In order to compare the lexical- organization functions of translators with different backgrounds of language acquisition in translation, we chose two classes of 60 undergraduates of English majors and those of non - English majors as the subjects to complete the same translation task within the same time. Then, the students＇ translations are converted into corpus for analyzing. It indicates that English majors are more perfect in repeating usage of high - frequency words. However, non - English majors do better in some words with more meaning of life and cognitive experience. According to the analysis of the uniqueness of language in translation, we conclude that the creativity of non - English ma- jors is rather higher than that of English majors. It shows that the background of language acquisition is not the final element in translation. Besides language capability, translation capacity with cognitive experience can also influence the translation product.