北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔场分布及其与海水表层温度的关系

Relationship of distribution of albacore Thunnus alalunga longline fishery grounds and sea surface temperature in the North Pacific Ocean

根据北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔获量、海水表层温度等数据,研究了长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的分布区及其海水表层温度(SST)的统计特征。结果表明,北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场主要分布于25～40°N之间的海域。长鳍金枪鱼渔场区平均SST为23.6℃,中位数为24.5℃,多数渔场区位于暖温带海域,其平均SST多数为16～28℃,产量数据分布为正偏。海水表层温度为16～23℃的海域,长鳍金枪鱼的平均产量和平均CPUE变化趋势类似,且表层温度为18～20℃的海域,长鳍金枪鱼的平均产量最高。渔获量分布于表层温度为16～23℃和24～27℃海域,但主要集中于16～23℃的范围。交叉相关分析表明长鳍金枪鱼CPUE同太平洋年际振荡指数具有相关性。

The albacore Thunnus alalunga longline fishery is one of the important fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. According to the collected catch data of the albacore, sea surface tem- perature（SST） derived from satellite 3-level production and literatures, the distribution of albacore longline fishery grounds and its relationship with SST were analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively by using GIS technology. The results showed that the distribution of longline albacore fishing-grounds was latitudinal zones, and mainly located in the area of 25-40°N. The average SST and median SST of albacore longline fishing-grounds were 23.6℃ and 24.5℃ respectively. In addition, average SST of most fishing grounds was 16-28℃. The distribution curve of SST was a negative skew and the distribution curve of catch was a positive skew. Variation of the av- erage CPUE and the average yields were similar and they were the highest when the SST was between 18-20℃. The catch of fishing is different at lower SST area （16-23℃） and higher SST area （24-27℃）, but mainly distributed at lower SST area （16-23℃）. There was a cor- relation between CPUE of albacore and PDO index by time series analysis.