契约视角下农民工权益保障研究

On Right and Interest Security of Migrant Workers in the Perspective of Contract

随着国家一系列扩大内需及各种增加农民工就业政策的实施,外出务工的农民人数逐年上升,农民工就业形势依然严峻。农民工的整体素质还普遍不高、自我保护意识薄弱,加之企业追求利润最大化的机会主义行为等,使得农民工的基本权益没有得到良好保障,无法与城镇居民一样享受各种社会保险,平等就业机会受到限制,劳动报酬与劳动保护权难以实现,正常接受教育的权利得不到维护。从契约角度看,这些农民工权益受到侵害现象的内在原因是劳动契约的不对称性。应该以三方规制的方式对农民工与用工单位的劳动合约进行完善,即以农民工、企业及政府三方协同的制约建立相对稳定的合约关系,以保障农民工的基本权益。

A series of policies of increasing domestic demand and employment have increased migrant workers＇ opportunities of employment and improved the employment situation slightly.However,the poor quality of migrant workers,their shortage of the sense of self-protection and businesses＇ pursue of profit maximization have rendered migrant workers＇ rights and interests still unable to be well protected.Migrant workers are still unable to win the right of social insurance,normal training and necessary education as urban residents have done.Seen from the perspective of contract the chief internal reason for these phenomena is the asymmetry of labor contracts.Therefore,the behaviors of three parties-migrant workers,businesses and governments at all levels-should be regulated by contracts so that they could work together and bring migrant workers＇ basic rights and interests under protection.