SNP在动植物遗传育种中的应用

Applications of SNP in animal and plant genetic breeding

单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)作为第三代分子标记,具有数量多、分布广、代表性强和遗传稳定性好等特点。目前已经在人、家畜、作物和蔬菜的遗传多样性分析、基因作图、分子标记辅助育种和功能基因组学的研究中得到了广泛的应用。基于PCR技术为基础,结合电泳技术、荧光、质谱等方法建立的对未知基因和已知基因SNP的检测方法,必将在人类的遗传分析和动植物的遗传育种起到重要作用。

Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP）, as a third generation molecular marker, has many characteristics, such as large quantity, widely spread, strong representation and genetic stability. It is widely used in the genetic diversity, gene mapping, molecular marker assisted breeding and functional genomics research of human beings, livestock, crops and vegetables. Based on PCR technique and combined with electrophoresis, fluorescence, and spectrometry techniques, researchers have set up many methods for detecting SNPs of unknown and known genes, which will play an important role in genetic analysis of human beings and genetic breeding of animals and plants.