外空活动商业化背景下空间法中的国籍联系

Nationality Link's Contribution to Space Law under the Privatization and Commercialization of Space Activities

国籍联系强调了国家在空间活动中的义务和责任,国籍联系意味着责任的指向,所以相关国籍国要增强责任意识,积极采取监管等措施,尽量减小和分散风险,并尽力避免损害的发生。然而,在外空私有化和商业化的背景下,有必要降低国籍国的风险,以鼓励其减少对私人外空活动的限制;同时,这种风险的分散有利于强化私人主体的责任意识;因此,"国籍联系的放松"应当是空间责任制度发展的一个趋势。但从国际私法层面来讲,应当加强"国籍"等连结点在解决私人主体从事外空活动时产生的国际民商事纠纷中的作用。

The nationality link aims at the state＇s responsibility in space activities.It is the guidance to define responsibility.Therefore the related nation shall raise the consciousness relevant to its own responsibility,perform authorization and reduce the risks in order to avoid damage.However under the privatization and commercialization of space activities,it is necessary to lower the risk level of nationality state,which will release the limitation to private space activities correspondingly.Meanwhile it will enhance the sense of responsibility of private subjects.To loosen the link of nationality is the trend of development of space liability regime.On the contrary from private international law＇s perspective the connect points such as ＂nationality＂ shall be emphasized to solve the international civil and commercial disputes occur in space activities.