植物有效成分间歇浸取动力学研究进展

Research Progress on Kinetic Models for Batch Extraction of Active Components from Plants

介绍了植物有效成分间歇浸取动力学模型的理论基础、数学处理方法、发展沿革和研究进展.根据间歇浸取动力学模型特点将浸取动力学模型分为平衡浓度模型和瞬时浓度模型,详细介绍了两种模型的建立.大多数有关植物有效成分浸取动力学研究都是以平衡浓度模型为基础的,由于浸取过程中有效成分会参与反应或发生降解,真实的有效成分浸取平衡浓度很难测定,显然该模型对于易反应有效成分或微波、超声等强化浸取过程有不可克服的缺陷.瞬时浓度模型将广泛应用,但是数学处理难度增大.详细介绍了超声、微波等特殊物理场强化条件下浸取动力学方程建立的理论基础、数学方法和研究进展.

The research progress on kinetic models for batch extraction of active components from plants was reviewed in this paper,focusing on its theoretical basis and mathematical methods.According to the features of the batch extraction,the kinetic model of extraction was categorized as the equilibrium concentration model and the instantaneous concentration model.These two types of models were both introduced in details.Although the equilibrium concentration model was applied in most of the researches,it became problematic in the processes of microwave or ultrasonic extractions,especially when the active components were reactive or ready to decompose,in which the equilibria were hardly reached.In these cases,the instantaneous concentration model could be widely used,which,however,increase the difficulties of mathematical treatment.The theoretical basis,mathematical methods and development of the kinetic equations of extractions assisted with special physical field such as ultrasound and microwave were also introduced in this paper.