秀水37等特早熟晚粳的特性与栽培技术研究

Varietal characteristics and culture techniques of extra early-maturing late japonicas ( Xiushui 37 )

通过对秀水37等短生育期品种的温度、光照及生育期等特性的研究,确认该类品种的温光特性与晚粳稻相似,全生育期与中粳稻相似,属于晚粳品种中新类型。该类型移栽时的秧龄短(20～25d)、叶龄低(5叶左右)、秧身矮(约25cm),宜浅插以利发根和防止败苗。另外,该类品种的秧龄弹性大,较耐迟栽,且齐穗期早而稳定(9月18～22日)。在本田期它们的分蘖叶位比晚粳稻多0.4～1.1个,植株矮壮,叶片上举、厚而挺,能充分利用光能。种植3年来,早栽亩产超500kg,迟栽比晚粳稻增产5％以上,且稳产性好。文中,作者还根据大面积高产实践,针对秀水37品种特性,对应掌握的配套栽培技术作了分析。

The experiment revealed that these extra early-maturing varieties, such as Xiushui 37, had similar response to light and temperature as late japonicas, and similar growth period duration to medium japonicas, belonging to the new type of late japonicas. With the young seedling age ( 20-25 days, 5 leaves ) and short seedling height ( 25 cm ) , these varieties should be transplanted shallowly to promote the root development and to prevent the seedling fron aborting. Meanwhile, they had elastic seedling ages, enduring the late transplantation, and they got early and stable full heading stage(Sep. 18-22). 0.4-1.l more tillering nodes were observed compared with late japonicas. with the short and compact plant, these varieties could fully utilize the light energy. 500 kg/mu yields were achieved with early transplantation, and 596 increase of yields compared with late japonicas with late transplantation in three years. The paper also discussed the suitable culture techniques for these extra early-maturing varieties.